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AAP Grand Rounds 4:1-2 (2000) Antibiotic Treatment of E. Coli O157:H7 Increases Risk of Hemolytic-Uremic SyndromeSource: Wong CS, Jelacic S, Habeeb RL, et al. The risk of the hemolytic uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections. N Engl J Med. To be published June 29, 2000.
To study the relationship between antibiotic treatment of E. coli O157:H7 diarrhea and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a cohort of 71 children younger than age 10 whose diarrhea was caused by E. coli O157:H7 were followed prospectively. The children were identified by stool culture obtained within 7 days of the onset of diarrhea in any of 47 laboratories in 4 northwest US states. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the caregivers of each enrolled child within 2 days of enrollment. Prescription medications were administered at the discretion of the individual treating physicians, and only medications taken on or before the seventh illness day were analyzed. Patients were followed clinically for 14 days from the onset of diarrhea and underwent daily blood counts and renal function tests until HUS developed and resolved, or until diarrhea resolved and HUS clearly did not develop. HUS
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