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American Academy of Pediatrics
Genetics & Birth Defects

Protective Effect of Female Sex Against Autism Spectrum Disorders

AAP Grand Rounds October 2013, 30 (4) 45; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.30-4-45
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Source: Robinson EB, Lichtenstein P, Anckarsäter H, et al. Examining and interpreting the female protective effect against autistic behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013; 110( 13): 5258- 5262; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1211070110OpenUrlCrossRef

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Question: Among children with autism spectrum disorder, is the male preponderance due to a protective effect of female sex or male-specific risk factors?

Question type: Descriptive

Study design: Cross-sectional

Investigators from multiple institutions in the United States, United Kingdom (UK), and Sweden investigated whether the male preponderance in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is due to male-specific risk factors or female protective effects (FPE). Study participants were part of 2 large population cohorts of twins, including dizygotic twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) in the UK and the Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden (CATSS). Children in the TEDS cohort were assessed for ASD at age 12 years using the Childhood Autism Spectrum test (CAST), which …

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AAP Grand Rounds
Vol. 30, Issue 4
1 Oct 2013
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Protective Effect of Female Sex Against Autism Spectrum Disorders
AAP Grand Rounds Oct 2013, 30 (4) 45; DOI: 10.1542/gr.30-4-45

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Protective Effect of Female Sex Against Autism Spectrum Disorders
AAP Grand Rounds Oct 2013, 30 (4) 45; DOI: 10.1542/gr.30-4-45
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