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PICO
Question: Among children with autism spectrum disorder, is the male preponderance due to a protective effect of female sex or male-specific risk factors?
Question type: Descriptive
Study design: Cross-sectional
Investigators from multiple institutions in the United States, United Kingdom (UK), and Sweden investigated whether the male preponderance in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is due to male-specific risk factors or female protective effects (FPE). Study participants were part of 2 large population cohorts of twins, including dizygotic twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) in the UK and the Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden (CATSS). Children in the TEDS cohort were assessed for ASD at age 12 years using the Childhood Autism Spectrum test (CAST), which …
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