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PICO
Question: Among children aged 2 to 71 months with grade I to IV vesicoureteral reflux, is antibiotic prophylaxis more effective than placebo in preventing recurrent urinary tract infection?
Question type: Intervention
Study type: Randomized controlled
Investigators from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) study group conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial across 19 centers in the United States to investigate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children aged 2 to 71 months with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Children with grade I to IV VUR diagnosed after a first or second symptomatic UTI were randomized to receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3 mg/kg) or placebo and followed for 2 years. Nuclear studies to evaluate for renal scarring were performed at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. …
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