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Imagine yourself listening to Morse code over a crackling radio – it is hard to distinguish signal from noise. You have to look for the perfect volume, because when you hear the signal better, you also hear more noise, and when you cut down on the noise, you also lose some of the signal. This is analogous to changing the cutoff value for a diagnostic test: when you use a lower cutoff value, the test detects more patients with disease, but many normal patients (false positives) are …
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