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Investigators from France conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the development of empyema among patients with an acute viral infection. Study participants were children aged 3 months to 15 years diagnosed with acute viral infection diagnosed by their primary care providers and categorized into 3 groups: upper respiratory tract viral infections (URIs), lower respiratory tract viral infections, and other. Cases were patients diagnosed with acute viral infections who were subsequently hospitalized for empyema. Empyema was defined as the presence of a pleural effusion on chest radiograph and pleural fluid with pH <7.2, lactate dehydrogenase >1,000 IU/L, glucose <2.2 mmol/L, protein >3,000 mg/dL, white blood cell …
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