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Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a cost-utility analysis to assess whether immediate antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) among children <2 years old is preferable over delayed antibiotic approaches and, if so, which antibiotic is the most cost-effective. Five treatment options were evaluated: immediate amoxicillin, immediate amoxicillin/clavulanate, immediate cefdinir, delayed prescription (DP, in which parents are given a prescription for an antibiotic but are told to not fill it unless their child’s symptoms don’t improve within 48 hours), and watchful waiting (WW, where no prescription is given at initial visit for AOM). With each approach, the probabilities of the following outcomes were estimated based on the results of previously published studies: early (within 7 days of diagnosis) clinical success, …
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