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Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a randomized controlled trial to estimate the effectiveness of hypothermia treatment initiated 6 to 24 hours after birth in term and late preterm newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Study participants were neonates born at >36 weeks’ gestation with moderate to severe HIE, as defined using standardized criteria, who were treated between 2008–2014 at institutions within the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonates randomized to the intervention arm were cooled to a target esophageal temperature of 33.5 °C for 96 hours; those in the control …
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