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Investigators from multiple Japanese institutions conducted a nonrandomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a stretching and strengthening program on the incidence of medical elbow injuries among youth baseball players without a history of previous elbow or shoulder pain. Youth 8–11 years old were allocated to either a control group, in which they received usual training, or the intervention group, in which they were instructed to perform 9 stretching and 9 strengthening exercises involving the elbow, shoulder, and hip at least once per week for 1 year.
Data regarding age, baseball position, number of throws per day, and number of hours of baseball played per day were collected from participants at baseline. …
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