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Investigators at multiple institutions conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of ED encounters to determine the frequency of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in infants. Infants ≤60 days old assessed for central nervous system (CNS) infection in 1 of 23 participating EDs from 2005–2013 were included. Presence of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial culture in an infant’s medical record within 24 hours of ED arrival was used to identify ED encounters that involved assessment of an infant for CNS infection. Infant demographics, clinical course, viral culture/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, and use of antiviral therapy were extracted from the medical records of eligible ED encounters.
The primary outcome was HSV infection, defined as HSV detected by PCR and/or viral culture …
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