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Investigators from multiple institutions in the Netherlands conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of infant formula feeding as a technique to reduce pain while receiving immunizations. Participants were healthy, formula-fed infants receiving care at 1 of 17 well-baby clinics in the Netherlands and were recruited for the study when they were approximately 2 weeks old. Enrolled children were randomized to receive either formula feeding before, during, and after receiving their first routine DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib and pneumococcal vaccines or no formula feedings while receiving these immunizations. Study children were filmed during the immunization procedure. The videos were reviewed and scored by 2 observers. The primary outcomes were cry duration and pain. Cry duration was defined …
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