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Investigators at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Dallas conducted a prospective longitudinal study of children with clubfeet who initially had been treated nonoperatively so they could assess functional outcomes at 10 years of age. Infants with idiopathic clubfeet seen at the study hospital between 1998 and 2007 were eligible if they scored ≥10 on a scale assessing severity of the foot deformity and had not already received initial treatment for their clubfeet. All enrolled infants received a nonoperative initial treatment. Those for whom the initial treatment failed, or who had residual deformity after an initially successful nonoperative treatment, underwent surgery. Infants who underwent subsequent surgery were categorized as being in 1 of 2 groups (intra-articular …
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