Risk of Psychosis With Stimulant Use for ADHD

Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association of methylphenidate and amphetamine use for ADHD and new-onset psychosis and to assess whether the risk differs based on the stimulant medication used. Data were obtained from administrative claims databases of 2 US health care organizations with national coverage. Patients who were (a) 13–25 years old, (b) had ≥1 outpatient encounter with a diagnosis of ADHD (determined using ICD-9 codes), (c) had a new prescription for amphetamine or methylphenidate between 2004 and 2015, and (d) were continuously enrolled in the health care organization for 1 year before stimulant use were included. Follow-up after an incident prescription continued until …