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Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a retrospective study to compare outcomes in children with type I open fractures managed nonoperatively in the ED with superficial debridement and antibiotics to those managed operatively. For the study, the authors used ICD-9 codes to identify patients 2 to 18 years old with type I open fractures of the radius, ulna, and tibia who were treated at 1 of 4 level 1 trauma centers in the United States between 2000 and 2015. Only patients who had at least 1 outpatient follow-up visit with radiographs to document fracture healing at 4 to 6 weeks after injury were included in the analyses. Patient medical records were reviewed, as were data …
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