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Investigators from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy (ATE) to watchful waiting (WW) in children 2 to 4 years old with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Eligible participants had symptoms of OSA, including snoring, apnea and/or restless sleep, with mild-to-moderate OSA as documented by an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) of >2 and <5 (mild) or >5 and <10 (moderate) on polysomnography (PSG), and tonsil hypertrophy based on a standardized scoring system. Study children were randomized to either ATE within 3 months or WW. At baseline, parents completed the Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18) questionnaire, a validated instrument for assessing quality of life in children …
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