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Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and acute otitis media (AOM)-associated adverse events in afebrile infants with AOM. Afebrile infants ≤90 days old who were clinically diagnosed with AOM at one of 33 EDs in the US, Canada, or Spain from 2007–2017 were included. Infants who had received antibiotics within 48 hours of ED presentation, had a concurrent diagnosis of mastoiditis, or had evidence of a focal bacterial infection on examination were excluded. Infants were identified using ICD-10 codes and medical record review. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prescription data also were abstracted from the medical record.
The primary outcomes were IBI, defined as growth of a pathogen in a blood or …
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